比尔:盖茨万字长文：动荡的AI时代已经到来，选择至关重要

The transition to the Al era will be one of the mostturbulent times in human history. Right now, we are notpreparing adequately for that transition. If the worldtakes the right steps, Al will be a force for good and leave everyone better off.

向人工智能时代的过渡将成为人类历史上最为动荡的时期之一。目前，我们尚未为这一转型做好充分准备。如果世界采取正确的步骤，人工智能将成为一股向善的力量，让每个人都过上更好的生活。

During my entire life I’ve only had two jobs. In the first one, I played a role in developing software to empower people through my work at Microsoft.

在我的整个一生中，我只做过两份工作。第一份工作中，我在微软的工作参与开发了软件，赋能于人们。

In my second one, which I started full time in 2008, I am giving back the wealth I made at Microsoft with the goal of making the world a healthier, better educated, and more equitable place. This is the job I will have for the rest of my life.
第二份工作始于2008年，我全职投入其中——将在微软赚取的财富回馈社会，目标是让世界变得更健康、更具良好教育、更加公平。这将是我余生从事的工作。

Both of these experiences inform my perspective on artificial intelligence. When I first learned about computers at age 13 I was fascinated by the idea of making them more intelligent and able to perform things that, at the time, only humans could do. Although the term “AI” was used from around the time I was born, the technology has only made significant progress in the last decade. It is now incredibly capable and it is continuing to improve at a mind-blowing rate. AI for the first time can replace and even exceed human cognition.

这两段经历共同塑造了我对人工智能的看法。13岁初次接触计算机时，我就着迷于让它们变得更智能、能够完成当时只有人类才能做到的事情。尽管”AI”一词在我出生前后就已被使用，但这项技术直到最近十年才取得重大进展。如今它已具备惊人的能力，并且正以令人目眩的速度持续提升。AI首次能够替代甚至超越人类认知。

In terms of equity, AI will either be the greatest equalizer ever invented, or the worst source of injustice. The challenge is monumental. Even under the best circumstances, the transition to this new AI era will be one of the most turbulent times in human history. How will we use this technology to make the world a fairer place and keep it from widening the divide between rich and poor? How will we protect the people who are most vulnerable to the harms caused by artificial intelligence, including those who lose their livelihoods and the sense that they are in control of their future?

就公平而言，AI要么成为有史以来最伟大的均衡器，要么成为最严重的不公之源。这一挑战是里程碑式的。即使在最好的情况下，向这个AI新时代的过渡也将是人类历史上最动荡的时期之一。我们将如何利用这项技术让世界变得更公平，并阻止它扩大贫富差距？我们将如何保护最容易受到AI伤害的人，包括那些失去生计、失去对未来掌控感的人？

I believe that answering these questions and acting on the answers should be the world’s top priority. If the world takes the right steps AI will be a force for good and leave everyone better off.

我相信回答这些问题并据此行动应当成为世界的首要任务。如果世界采取正确的步骤，AI将成为一股向善的力量，让每个人过得更好。

Unfortunately, right now we are not preparing for it. I don’t see evidence that leaders, experts, and communities are confronting the challenges adequately. There is no plan to ease the entry into the AI era.

不幸的是，眼下我们并未为此做好准备。我没有看到领导者、专家和社区充分应对这些挑战的证据。没有一个平缓进入AI时代的计划。

Part of the reason for this is that many commentators underestimate the extent of the impact AI will have. I think there are a few reasons why.

部分原因在于许多评论者低估了AI将产生的影响程度。我认为有几个原因。

One is the fact that AI models still make mistakes. It is hard to envision any of them replacing human cognition when, not long ago, they couldn’t solve a simple Sudoku puzzle or figure out how many R’s are in the word strawberry.

But the reliability problem is being fixed quickly, as researchers create models that can check their own work and improve themselves. Soon they will be substantially better than humans at many tasks.

但可靠性问题正在迅速得到解决，研究人员正在创建能够检查自身工作并自我改进的模型。很快，它们在许多任务上将大幅优于人类。

Another reason people underestimate AI is that analogies to the effects of past innovations are misleading. We have no experience with a technology that can be adopted quickly or that can think and move like a human. When the PC came along, it took twenty years to significantly change how we worked because the software had to be developed, the price had to come down, and people had to learn how to use the tools and incorporate them into their business processes. AI, on the other hand, runs on the devices we already have, and it uses natural language. We don’t have to adapt to it because it can adapt to us. It can watch the same training video that is used to train human workers and learn from existing data.

人们低估AI的另一个原因是，将其与过去创新的影响进行类比具有误导性。我们从未经历过一种能够被快速采用、或能够像人类一样思考和行动的技术。个人电脑出现时，花了二十年时间才显著改变我们的工作方式，因为软件开发需要时间、价格需要下降、人们需要学习使用工具并将其融入业务流程。而AI运行在我们已有的设备上，使用自然语言。我们不必适应它，因为它能适应我们。它可以观看用于培训人类员工的同一培训视频，并从现有数据中学习。

I want to acknowledge a potential bias. I have benefited enormously from the technology industry. Although I have diversified my portfolio quite a bit, I still have financial ties to it. I am working with Microsoft and other AI companies in my role as chairman of the Gates Foundation to try and ensure AI is deployed in ways that will truly benefit people around the world.

我想承认一个潜在的偏见。我从科技行业中获益巨大。尽管我的投资组合已经相当多元化，但我仍与该行业保持财务联系。作为盖茨基金会主席，我正在与微软及其他AI公司合作，努力确保AI以真正惠及全球人民的方式部署。

However, my views on AI are not motivated by the potential to make money for myself. Any profits generated by my investments, including those related to technology, will go to the Gates Foundation to tackle global inequity. Of course, readers will have to decide for themselves whether this clouds my view.

This time really is different.

这一次真的不同了

For as long as I can remember, I’ve wished innovation could happen faster. With AI, my feelings are more complicated.

从我记事起，我一直希望创新能更快发生。但对于AI，我的感受更为复杂。

I wish the world could get the benefits rapidly and delay the problems it will cause as long as possible, but the benefits and problems are arriving at the same time. I believe we need time to prepare for the period of social, political, and economic upheaval we are about to enter. The people who need the most time are the ones who have the least—the accounting worker who’s replaced by a bot or the $20-an-hour worker who loses their job to a $10-an-hour robot.

我希望世界能迅速获得好处，并尽可能推迟它将带来的问题，但好处和问题正在同时到来。我相信我们需要时间为即将进入的社会、政治和经济动荡期做准备。最需要时间的人恰恰是拥有时间最少的人——被机器人取代的会计工人，或时薪20美元却被时薪10美元的机器人夺走工作的工人。

Many observers say that this technology transition will be like previous ones. They give the example of how jobs in the United States shifted from agriculture to office work. However, that proceeded over several generations and created new jobs where human cognition was required. In this case, the technology can substitute for human cognition.

许多观察人士表示，这次技术转型将与以往类似。他们举例说明美国的就业如何从农业转向办公室工作。然而，那是历经数代人才完成的，并创造了需要人类认知的新工作。而这一次，技术可以替代人类认知。

Because it can see, listen, speak, and reason and will eventually do physical work just as smoothly as any human, it will not just affect one sector. AI will take on work in law, customer service, medicine, software, and manufacturing. It will hit these industries rapidly, over the course of a decade rather than a few generations. There will be some new jobs, but without the right policies there will be far fewer than exist today.

因为它能看、听、说和推理，并最终将像任何人一样顺畅地完成体力工作，它不会只影响一个部门。AI将承担法律、客户服务、医药、软件和制造领域的工作。它将在十年而非几代人的时间内迅速冲击这些行业。会有一些新工作，但如果没有正确的政策，新工作将远比今天存在的工作少。

If someone had a credible plan for slowing down AI advances globally, I would likely support it. However, I don’t think that’s going to happen. The geopolitical and economic incentives are pushing too hard to go full speed ahead.

如果有人有一个在全球范围内减缓AI进展的可信计划，我很可能会支持。然而，我认为那不会发生。地缘政治和经济激励正在极力推动全速前进。

To make sure we maximize the positive effects of this unprecedented technology and minimize the bad so we are better off overall, we need to understand both the benefits and the risks. I’ll start with the risks.

为确保我们最大化这项前所未有的技术的积极影响、最小化其负面影响从而整体上变得更好，我们需要同时了解其益处和风险。我先从风险谈起。

The transition to AI comes with three big risks.

AI的转型伴随着三大风险

I plan to write about each of these in more detail in the future, so I’ll touch briefly on them for now.

我计划在未来更详细地逐一撰写这些风险，因此现在先简要涉及。

Many jobs will disappear forever.

许多工作将永远消失。

In 1933, during the Great Depression, unemployment in the United States was roughly 25 percent. It remained in double digits for much of the following decade. It ultimately recovered as demand, investment, and growth returned.

1933年大萧条期间，美国的失业率约为25%。在随后十年的大部分时间里，失业率一直保持在两位数。最终随着需求、投资和增长的恢复而回升。

AI may not reach this level, but its impact will not go away with an economic cycle. The jobs at most risk are entry- and mid-level, and the new jobs being created will mostly require skills that take many years to learn.

AI可能不会达到这一水平，但其影响不会随经济周期而消失。最危险的工作是入门级和中级岗位，而正在创造的新工作大多需要多年学习的技能。

White-collar jobs are already being hit modestly. After the widespread adoption of generative AI, employment fell significantly among young workers in jobs that are especially vulnerable to replacement, but not among their older colleagues.

白领工作已经受到一定程度的冲击。在生成式AI被广泛采用后，从事特别容易被替代岗位的年轻工人就业率显著下降，但他们的年长同事并未受到同样影响。

I think this trend will continue, but it will not be confined to a handful of industries or occupations. Jobs in sales and customer support (online and over the phone), software engineering, and paralegal work may be among the first affected, but the disruption will reach much further as AI takes on tasks that today still require trained workers: things like assessing loan applications, doing data analysis, and even triaging patients. A few areas like software engineering will generate new demand as the costs go down, so the net job loss in those areas will be less than in others as long as some tasks, such as design, are better done by humans.

我认为这一趋势将持续，但不会局限于少数行业或职业。销售和客户支持（在线和电话）、软件工程和律师助理工作可能是最先受影响的，但随着AI承担今天仍需受过培训的工人完成的任务——如评估贷款申请、数据分析甚至患者分诊——中断将波及更远。软件工程等少数领域将随着成本下降产生新需求，因此只要设计等某些任务更适合由人类完成，这些领域的净失业人数将少于其他领域。

Blue-collar jobs will be affected as well. Although robots are not as far along as AI, eventually their cost will be dramatically lower too. Many Americans I talk to don’t realize how fast dexterous robots are advancing because much of the advanced work is being done in other countries, primarily China. Or they may be confused by those videos of robots dancing badly that have been going viral lately. I think “smart” robots will begin to compete with people on some physical tasks—in the construction and hospitality industries, for example—by the end of the decade.

蓝领工作也将受到影响。虽然机器人不如AI先进，但最终它们的成本也将大幅降低。我交谈过的许多美国人没有意识到灵巧机器人的进步有多快，因为许多先进工作正在其他国家完成，主要是中国。或者他们可能被最近疯传的那些机器人跳舞笨拙的视频所迷惑。我认为”智能”机器人将在本十年末开始在某些体力任务上与人类竞争——例如在建筑和酒店行业。

Robots and AI combined can create a vicious cycle. After one company adopts them and uses the savings to lower its prices, its competitors will feel immense pressure to do the same. If existing companies don’t adopt them, then start-ups will. Many people will shift to other jobs, but the turmoil of losing work, getting retrained, and finding other work will be significant. Market forces will make adoption go faster and faster and, unless we intervene, there will be fewer good jobs available and the benefits will accrue to a small group.

机器人与AI结合可以创造一个恶性循环。当一家公司采用它们并利用节省的资金降低价格后，其竞争对手将感受到同样做法的巨大压力。如果现有公司不采用，初创公司就会。许多人将转向其他工作，但失去工作、接受再培训和寻找其他工作的动荡将是巨大的。市场力量将使采用越来越快，除非我们进行干预，否则好工作会越来越少，收益将汇聚到一小群人手中。

I’m especially worried about young people, who will enter a workforce with fewer entry-level openings. They understand the challenge because they are the most active users of AI and see both the capabilities and the rate of improvement. It’s no wonder that so many of them feel negatively about AI.

我尤其担心年轻人，他们将进入一个入门级职位更少的劳动力市场。他们理解这一挑战，因为他们是AI最活跃的使用者，既看到了其能力也看到了改进速度。难怪他们中如此多人对AI持负面看法。

The biggest shift for workers will happen when AI provides nearly error-free work. At that point, it will be able to function on its own without a human checking in on it, and companies will have every economic incentive to let it.

对工人最大的转变将发生在AI提供近乎无差错的工作之时。届时，它将能够独立运作，无需人类检查，而公司将拥有充分的经济动机让它这样做。

This will lead to a fundamental change in how we think about work, income, and economic security. How will an economy that’s been built around employment operate if fewer people are working, or if many people are working fewer hours?

这将从根本上改变我们对工作、收入和经济保障的思考方式。如果工作的人更少，或者许多人工作时间更短，一个围绕就业建立的经济将如何运作？

In a capitalist society, employment is the way most people get the money they need to pay for the basics of life as well as being a key source of dignity and social connection.

在资本主义社会中，就业是大多数人获得支付基本生活所需金钱的途径，也是尊严和社会联系的重要来源。

When a community has high unemployment, the ripple effects can be pervasive. Research suggests that in some parts of the United States, factory closures contribute to a rise in deaths from opioid overdoses. Now imagine similar pressures on both white-collar and blue-collar workers nationwide.

当一个社区失业率高企时，连锁反应可能无处不在。研究表明，在美国部分地区，工厂关闭导致阿片类药物过量死亡人数上升。现在想象一下类似的压力同时施加于全国的白领和蓝领工人。

We have to think now about how to reduce job losses so that everyone can share in the prosperity that AI creates. Waiting until people are already displaced or underemployed will be too late. AI is a structural challenge to the way our economy is organized, and it requires thinking and action now.

我们现在必须思考如何减少失业，以便每个人都能分享AI创造的繁荣。等到人们已经流离失所或就业不足时就太晚了。AI是对我们经济组织方式的结构性挑战，需要在人们已经受到伤害之前进行思考和规划。

AI will empower people (and perhaps AIs) to do more harm.

AI将赋能人们（也许还有AI自身）造成更多伤害。

Long before AI entered the mainstream, there was information online about how to create weapons like bombs, bioweapons, even computer viruses. AI will make it much easier to not only get this information but act on it. Even criminals with very limited skills will be able to target victims at every scale: individuals, companies, and governments.

早在AI进入主流之前，网上就有关于如何制造炸弹、生物武器甚至计算机病毒等武器的信息。AI将使获取这些信息并据以行动变得更加容易。即使是技能非常有限的罪犯也能针对各种规模的受害者：个人、公司和政府。

AI-enabled fraud, disinformation, deepfakes, and surveillance are the harms that many people will feel most keenly in their everyday lives.

AI赋能的欺诈、虚假信息、深度伪造和监控是许多人在日常生活中将最强烈感受到的危害。

AI capabilities are starting to be used for cyberattacks. The smartest cybersecurity experts I know are scared about the next few years, because the attackers are getting powerful new capabilities faster than the defenders can fix all the weaknesses. After all, the same AI model that can find a flaw in software so a company can fix it can also help a criminal exploit it. The resources needed to make an attack are going down significantly and we haven’t been able to separate those abilities from benign usage.

AI能力已开始被用于网络攻击。我认识的最聪明的网络安全专家对未来几年感到恐惧，因为攻击者获得强大新能力的速度快于防御者修复所有弱点的速度。毕竟，同一个AI模型既能发现软件中的缺陷以便公司修复，也能帮助罪犯利用它。发动攻击所需的资源正在大幅下降，而我们一直无法将这些能力与良性使用分离开来。

Think about the infrastructure that will be vulnerable: hospitals, financial institutions, water systems, power grids, systems for managing government benefits. When these institutions are attacked, it’s the patients, customers, and benefits recipients who stand to lose.

想想将变得脆弱的基础设施：医院、金融机构、供水系统、电网、管理政府福利的系统。当这些机构遭到攻击时，承担损失的是患者、客户和福利领取者。

The same goes for bioterrorism. Although AI will lead to lifesaving advances in drugs and vaccines, it will also make it easier to design a deadly new disease. Again, the positive capabilities are hard to separate from the dangerous ones. This is a global problem.

生物恐怖主义也是如此。尽管AI将带来药物和疫苗方面挽救生命的进步，但它也将使设计致命新疾病变得更容易。同样，正面能力很难与危险能力分离开来。这是一个全球性问题。

The risks I’ve just mentioned are all about how AI will empower bad actors who have relatively little power now. The same tools will also concentrate power in places where it already exists. Autonomous weapons, for example, will make governments even more capable of using deadly force without a human being part of the decision. Monitoring and manipulating public opinion will be easier and cheaper, and more effective too.

我刚才提到的风险都是关于AI将如何赋能目前权力相对较小的作恶者。同样的工具还将把权力集中在已经存在权力的地方。例如，自主武器将使政府更有能力在没有人类参与决策的情况下使用致命武力。监控和操纵公众舆论将变得更容易、更便宜，也更有效。

Eventually, the power to use AI to harm people will not be limited to people or institutions. AI systems themselves already occasionally act in ways their designers didn’t intend. The technology is improving faster than anyone expected and in surprising ways, and as the models become more powerful, they could begin to act against our interests and we could lose control. I’ll have more to say about this in the future.

最终，利用人工智能伤害他人的能力将不仅限于个人或机构。人工智能系统本身已经偶尔会以设计者未曾预料的方式行事。这项技术的发展速度比任何人预期的都要快，而且以出人意料的方式演进。随着模型变得越来越强大，它们可能会开始违背我们的利益，而我们可能会失去控制。关于这一点，我未来还会有更多论述。

AI could stunt our kids’ development and replace human relationships.

AI可能阻碍儿童发展并取代人际关系。

When I was growing up in Seattle, I didn’t have that many friends aside from a few other boys who were like me. It took hard work and a lot of help from my mom to develop my social skills so I could relate to different kinds of people. I still draw on those lessons today at the age of 70.

我在西雅图长大时，除了几个和我类似的男孩外，没有太多朋友。我付出了艰苦努力，在母亲的大量帮助下才培养了社交技能，使我能够与不同类型的人相处。直到70岁的今天，我仍在借鉴那些经验。

I doubt I would have put in the same work if I had had an AI companion back then. They talk to you in ways you’re already comfortable with. They don’t push you outside your comfort zone. They are always available and never get mad at you. This gives them the potential to become highly addictive and to rob us of the lessons we learn from connecting with other people.

如果那时我有一个AI伴侣，我怀疑自己是否会付出同样的努力。它们以你已经感到舒适的方式与你交谈。它们不会把你推出舒适区。它们随时可用，从不对你发脾气。这使它们有可能变得高度成瘾，并夺走我们从与他人交往中学到的经验。

The body of evidence on this subject is still small and a bit mixed, but there are signs that we should be very concerned. For example, in one study of more than 1,100 people who use AI companions, researchers at Stanford and Carnegie Mellon found that those with smaller social networks were the most likely to turn to a chatbot for companionship. And the heavier and more emotionally personal that use became, the worse they felt.

关于这一主题的证据体系仍然规模较小且有些混杂，但有迹象表明我们应该非常关注。例如，在一项针对1100多名AI伴侣使用者的研究中，斯坦福大学和卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员发现，社交网络较小的人最有可能转向聊天机器人寻求陪伴。而且使用越频繁、越涉及情感隐私，他们的感觉就越糟。

Young people could be affected for their entire lives. In his book The Anxious Generation, Jonathan Haidt makes an observation about the effect of social media that is even more true for AI: “Like young trees exposed to wind, children who are routinely exposed to small risks grow up to become adults who can handle much larger risks without panicking. Conversely, children who are raised in a protected greenhouse sometimes become incapacitated by anxiety before they reach maturity.”

年轻人可能受到终生影响。在《焦虑的一代》一书中，乔纳森·海特对社交媒体影响的观察对AI更为适用：”就像暴露在风中的幼树一样，经常接触小风险的儿童长大后能在不惊慌的情况下处理大得多的风险。相反，在受保护的温室中长大的儿童有时在成熟之前就被焦虑压垮。”

An AI companion designed to never upset you is a big, protected greenhouse.

一个设计成永远不会让你不快的AI伴侣就是一个巨大的、受保护的温室。

We are only beginning to understand the dangers that the internet—especially social media—can pose to young people’s development. We’re seeing compulsive use, disrupted sleep, cyberbullying, and exposure to harmful content. AI could magnify many of these risks by making them more persuasive and difficult to escape, and we should not wait another generation to start taking them seriously. Countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and Norway are adopting protections for children online. China has gone the furthest. Its rules restrict AI companion apps broadly, bar designs that foster emotional dependence, and ban virtual relatives and romantic partners for minors.

我们才刚刚开始理解互联网——尤其是社交媒体——可能对年轻人发展构成的危险。我们看到强迫性使用、睡眠中断、网络欺凌和接触有害内容。AI可以通过使这些风险更具说服力且更难逃脱来放大其中许多风险，我们不应该再等一代人时间才开始认真对待它们。包括澳大利亚、英国和挪威在内的国家正在采取在线保护儿童的措施。中国走得最远。其规定广泛限制AI伴侣应用，禁止培养情感依赖的设计，并禁止为未成年人提供虚拟亲属和恋爱伴侣。

I’m also worried about AI’s impact on education. Ironically, the same tool that will allow people to learn more than ever could also lead to many people learning less. One preliminary survey suggested that heavier AI use was associated with less critical thinking. The effect was stronger for younger people.

This would be the worst possible time for humans to lose their critical thinking skills. In an era of deepfakes and misinformation that can be tailored to you individually, the ability to tell what is true from what is not becomes an essential life skill.

这可能是人类失去批判性思维技能最糟糕的时机。在一个深度伪造和错误信息可以为你个人量身定制的时代，辨别真伪的能力成为一项基本生存技能。

It’s unclear where to draw the line on these psychosocial problems. In some cases, AI may help people understand how to do better in their human relationships. It may be the only contact with the outside world for isolated elderly people and people with limited mobility, and it will be better than nothing. Wherever we end up drawing the line, it should be our decision, made intentionally.

这些心理社会问题的界限尚不清楚。在某些情况下，AI可能帮助人们了解如何在人际关系中做得更好。它也可能为那些正在与孤独或心理健康问题作斗争的人提供支持，否则这些人可能无人可求助。但我们需要谨慎对待我们所鼓励的东西，以及我们在多大程度上让AI取代人与人之间的联系——这种联系虽然有时混乱和困难，但对人类的茁壮成长至关重要。

The good things we do with AI could be very, very good.

我们用AI做的好事可能非常非常好

It’s often said that we overestimate how much will change in the short term and underestimate how much will change in the long term.

人们常说，我们高估了短期内的变化，低估了长期内的变化。

With AI, I see something different going on. Some people see only the upside of AI and do not focus enough on the negatives. Others make the opposite mistake, which is to focus exclusively on the dangers—which are real—at the cost of missing the potential benefits.

对于人工智能，我看到了不同的情况。有些人只看到人工智能的好处，而对负面影响关注不足；另一些人则犯了相反的错误，即只关注危险——这些危险确实存在——却因此忽略了潜在的益处。

We need both: deep concern about the AI harms we need to minimize, and grounded optimism about the positives if we maximize them for everyone.

我们需要两者兼具：既要深切关注那些必须最小化的人工智能危害，也要怀有务实的乐观，去拥抱若能为所有人最大化其积极影响所能带来的好处。

Maximizing the benefits is just as important as minimizing the harms. If people see how AI makes their lives easier, it will help build the public trust that is necessary for managing the harder parts of the transition. If the first thing AI does in most people’s lives is take away their job, those who are already skeptical about it will outright reject it. This will make it harder to ever deliver on the benefits and it is another reason why governments, industries including the medical industry, and AI companies should be working together now.

最大化收益与最小化危害同等重要。如果人们看到人工智能如何让生活变得更便捷，这将有助于建立公众信任，而这是应对转型过程中更艰难部分所必需的。如果人工智能在大多数人生活中做的第一件事就是夺走他们的工作，那么那些本就对其持怀疑态度的人将会彻底排斥它。这将使实现其益处的目标变得更加困难，这也是政府、包括医疗行业在内的各产业以及人工智能公司现在应携手合作的另一个原因。

With its ability to synthesize knowledge from every scientific field, AI can accelerate innovation in the world’s toughest technical challenges: providing reliable clean energy for everyone, combating climate change, growing enough food, eradicating diseases, and more. Researchers working on cancer treatments or nuclear energy can use AI to search through massive amounts of scientific literature. It can help them identify patterns that a human might miss and decide which experiments offer the most promise. When intelligence is no longer the limiting factor that it is today, smaller companies will be able to compete with organizations that have far larger research budgets. R&D and innovation will be supercharged.

凭借其综合各科学领域知识的能力，人工智能可以加速攻克世界上最棘手的技术挑战：为每个人提供可靠的清洁能源、应对气候变化、生产足够的粮食、根除疾病等等。研究癌症治疗或核能的科研人员可以利用人工智能在海量科学文献中进行检索。它可以帮助他们识别人类可能遗漏的模式，并判断哪些实验最有前景。当智力不再像今天这样成为制约因素时，小型企业将能够与研究预算远高于它们的组织竞争。研发与创新将得到极大推动。

Healthcare is one area where AI can help solve real-world problems. Many small American hospitals lack on-site specialists who can quickly diagnose a patient during a life-threatening emergency. In those places, AI could make sure a heart attack is caught in time and a family avoids the crushing expense of a medical emergency. Viz.ai is one example. It analyzes scans to detect strokes and other emergencies and helps medical teams coordinate their patients’ care. It is being used in nearly 2,000 U.S. hospitals.

在医疗保健领域，AI已经在发挥作用。例如，Viz.ai的AI工具被美国近2000家医院使用，帮助医生更快地检测中风和其他急症，缩短了从扫描到治疗的时间——在中风等情况下，这可能意味着完全康复与永久残疾之间的区别。

AI will also help primary-care doctors make better diagnoses and keep in touch with their patients when they’re not in the clinic. It will help patients understand test results and complicated schedules for taking their medicine.

人工智能还将帮助初级保健医生做出更准确的诊断，并在患者不在诊所时与他们保持联系。它将帮助患者理解检查结果以及复杂的用药时间安排。

I surprise a lot of people when I tell them that a second area—agriculture—is where I see the fastest impact of AI in low-income countries. In most low-income countries, farmers don’t get reliable weather forecasts or advice on what seeds to plant, how to protect their crops and livestock from disease, or how to improve their soil. With population growth in these countries and the challenges of climate change, these farmers need more help than ever. Using AI, low-income farmers will soon be able to get better advice about all these things than even the richest farmers get today and increase their output substantially.

当我告诉很多人，第二个领域——农业——是我认为人工智能在低收入国家中见效最快的地方时，他们往往会感到惊讶。在大多数低收入国家，农民得不到可靠的气象预报，也缺乏关于播种什么种子、如何保护农作物和牲畜免受病害、以及如何改良土壤的建议。随着这些国家的人口增长和气候变化的挑战，这些农民比以往任何时候都更需要帮助。借助人工智能，低收入国家的农民很快就能获得比当今最富裕的农民还要好的建议，并大幅提高他们的产量。

Government services are a third area where AI can make people’s lives easier. In the United States, I’ve met families who, understandably, were overwhelmed by the process of applying for health insurance, student aid, or food assistance. Faced with a huge stack of complicated bureaucratic forms, many felt like giving up. AI can streamline things dramatically so they get the help they need faster and the government can operate more efficiently. Governments can make the citizen’s experience far better, starting with those who need its safety net services the most.

政府服务是第三个可以让人们生活更便捷的领域。在美国，我曾见过一些家庭，他们面对申请医疗保险、学生援助或食品补助的流程时感到不知所措，这完全可以理解。面对堆积如山的复杂官僚表格，许多人甚至想要放弃。人工智能可以极大地简化这些流程，让他们更快地获得所需的帮助，同时政府也能更高效地运作。政府可以从最需要安全网服务的群体入手，大幅改善公民的体验。

Despite my concerns about its impact on our mental health, I think AI can also help a lot there. Most communities have too few counselors, psychiatrists, and addiction specialists. With the right privacy safeguards in place, AI tools could help people recognize warning signs. Then, if needed, they can offer evidence-based coping strategies and team up with a human to provide more responsive treatment.

尽管我担忧人工智能对我们心理健康的影响，但我认为它在这方面也能带来很大帮助。大多数社区缺乏足够的咨询师、精神科医生和成瘾治疗专家。在适当的隐私保护措施下，人工智能工具可以帮助人们识别警示信号。如有需要，它们还能提供基于实证的应对策略，并与人类专业人士协作，提供更具响应性的治疗方案。

AI can be a boon for education as well, despite the concerns I mentioned earlier. It can free teachers up to spend more time working with students one on one or in small groups and give them a clearer view of where the whole class is struggling. For students, an AI tool that preserves what researchers call “productive struggle”—the cognitive work that builds understanding—can strengthen learning. When a student first encounters a new idea, the AI gives substantive explanations and offers both questions and answers. Later, when it’s checking their comprehension, it holds the answer back and helps them arrive at it on their own.

尽管存在我之前提到的担忧，人工智能同样可以成为教育领域的福音。它能解放教师，让他们有更多时间进行一对一或小组辅导，并能更清晰地了解整个班级的学习难点。对于学生而言，一种能保留研究者所称的“有效挣扎”——即构建理解的认知过程——的人工智能工具，可以强化学习效果。当学生初次接触新概念时，人工智能会给出实质性解释，并提供问题和答案；随后，在检验理解程度时，它会隐藏答案，引导学生自主得出结论。

Taken together, the advances in all these areas could make everyday life easier, more affordable, and less constrained by a person’s income or connections.

综上所述，所有这些领域的进步，都可能让日常生活变得更轻松、更实惠，并且不再受限于个人的收入或人脉关系。

AI could give individuals and small businesses access to capabilities that today require expensive professional help or large staffs, while making products and services better and cheaper. It could help people with disabilities live more independently and enable workers and entrepreneurs with good ideas to accomplish far more than they can today.

人工智能可以让个人和小型企业获得如今需要昂贵专业帮助或庞大团队才能拥有的能力，同时让产品和服务变得更好、更便宜。它可以帮助残障人士更加独立地生活，并使拥有好点子的劳动者和企业家取得远超今日的成就。

Most importantly, it could give people back some of the time and attention now consumed by paperwork, bureaucracy, searching for reliable information, and tasks they cannot afford to pay someone else to handle. These benefits may seem modest, but multiplied across millions of lives, they would be profound: more people getting good advice when they need it and having greater freedom to focus on the lives they want to build.

最重要的是，它可以把人们目前耗费在文书工作、官僚程序、查找可靠信息以及无力雇人处理的琐事上的时间和精力重新还给他们。这些益处或许看似微不足道，但当它们惠及千百万人的生活时，其意义将是深远的：更多的人能在需要时获得良好建议，并有更大的自由去专注于自己真正想要打造的生活。

In all these areas, the operative word is “can”—AI can improve life for people at every income level. But it won’t do that automatically. As with any new technology, we have to be deliberate about ensuring that it benefits everyone and not just a wealthy few. This will require governments and philanthropy to play a strong role so that less wealthy citizens and low-income countries are full beneficiaries.

在所有上述领域中，关键词都是“可以”——人工智能能够改善每个收入水平人群的生活。但这并不会自动实现。如同任何新技术一样，我们必须有意识地确保它惠及每一个人，而不仅仅是少数富裕阶层。这需要政府和慈善机构发挥强有力的作用，让不太富裕的公民和低收入国家也能成为全面的受益者。

The Gates Foundation has 19 years left of the 20 years in which it will spend its remaining $200 billion. AI will help it achieve its ambitious goals by both accelerating the discovery of vaccines and medicines for HIV, TB, malaria, and malnutrition and helping the healthcare workforce and patients know how to use those tools. The foundation’s goals include cutting the number of children who die every year in half again, as was done from 2000 to 2024. All of our work, not just health but also agriculture and education, will take full advantage of AI.

盖茨基金会将在20年内花完剩余的2000亿美元，目前还剩19年。人工智能将通过加速发现针对艾滋病、结核病、疟疾和营养不良的疫苗与药物，并帮助医护人员和患者了解如何使用这些工具，助力基金会实现其雄心勃勃的目标。基金会的目标包括将每年儿童死亡人数再减半——正如2000年至2024年间已经实现的那样。我们所有的工作，不仅是健康领域，还包括农业和教育，都将充分利用人工智能。

I will write much more about these efforts next month in the foundation’s annual Goalkeepers report—including our focus on making sure that AI models are available in the languages spoken by people in all the countries where we support work, and not just the ones that are common in rich and middle-income countries. Many of the leading AI companies, including OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and Microsoft, are partnering with the foundation on all of these initiatives, which is making a big difference.

我将在下个月发布的基金会年度《Goalkeepers》报告中进一步详述这些努力——其中包括我们的重点：确保人工智能模型能够覆盖我们所支持工作的所有国家中人们使用的语言，而不仅仅是富裕和中等收入国家常见的语言。包括OpenAI、Anthropic、Google和Microsoft在内的许多领先人工智能公司，正在与我们基金会就所有这些倡议展开合作，这正产生着深远的影响。

The world needs a plan.

世界需要一个计划

It is great that some AI companies are proposing solutions to challenges raised by their own technology, but we should not expect them to lead the charge. Some of the issues are outside their area of expertise, and in a democratic society it’s not their role to decide these things.

很高兴一些人工智能公司正在针对自身技术所带来的挑战提出解决方案，但我们不应指望它们来主导应对这些挑战。某些问题超出了它们的专业范畴，而且在民主社会中，决定这些事务并非它们的职责所在。

Instead, solutions should be developed through a public democratic process that includes elected officials, policymakers, educators, health workers, local officials, and community leaders. Millions of people will have their lives disrupted, and we’ll need a stronger, more flexible social safety net to help them manage the transition. Local communities are already raising concerns about the energy and water needed for data centers. Without solutions, some groups will push for stopping AI development and deployment altogether.

相反，解决方案应当通过一个公开的民主程序来制定，这个程序应包括民选官员、政策制定者、教育工作者、医务工作者、地方官员和社区领袖。数百万人的生活将受到冲击，我们需要一个更强大、更灵活的社会安全网来帮助他们应对这一转型。当地社区已经对数据中心所需的能源和水资源提出了担忧。如果没有解决方案，一些群体将推动完全停止人工智能的开发和部署。

The solutions should be shaped by our answers to the profound questions raised by AI, including how we preserve our humanity in a time when machines can out-think us. As people who spend their lives thinking about what it means to be human, religious leaders can play a key role in this. I was fascinated by Pope Leo XIV’s encyclical on AI, “On Safeguarding the Human Person in the Time of Artificial Intelligence.” It lays a strong foundation for the work that needs to be done.

解决方案应当由我们对人工智能提出的深刻问题的回答来塑造，包括在一个机器可能比我们更聪明的时代，我们如何保持人性。作为一生都在思考”为人意味着什么”的人，宗教领袖可以在其中发挥关键作用。教皇利奥十四世关于人工智能的通谕《在人工智能时代守护人的尊严》让我深受启发。它为需要完成的工作奠定了坚实的基础。

In the coming months, I will share more ideas for making sure that AI’s benefits outweigh the harm it causes. Here are three to start, beginning with what I think is the most important one.

在未来几个月里，我将分享更多关于确保人工智能的益处大于其危害的想法。这里先提出三点，从我认为最重要的一点开始。

Build a new system for managing the transition.

建立一个管理过渡的新体系

The highest priority is a monumental task: creating a domestic and international framework for dealing with AI.

最高优先事项是一项艰巨的任务：创建一个处理人工智能的国内和国际框架。

None of our current institutions were designed to handle a technology that spreads so fast and touches so many parts of our lives. So we’ll need to make new ones.

我们现有的机构没有一个是设计来处理一项传播如此之快、触及我们生活如此之多方面的技术的。所以我们需要创建新的机构。

It’s hard to overstate what an enormous undertaking this will be. After the attacks of 9/11, the U.S. government went through its biggest reorganization since World War II for the purpose of improving just one function, national security.

怎么强调这项任务的艰巨性都不为过。”9·11″袭击之后，美国政府进行了自二战以来最大规模的重组，目的只是为了改进国家安全这一个职能。

AI will require much, much more. It will affect national security as well as employment, education, taxation, energy, elections, air and water, public health, the financial system, law enforcement, transportation, public lands, and IT systems.

人工智能将需要多得多的调整。它将影响国家安全以及就业、教育、税收、能源、选举、空气和水、公共卫生、金融系统、执法、交通、公共土地和IT系统。

These sectors overlap in ways our existing bureaucracy is not designed to manage. A labor department may understand workforce disruption but not security risk. A business regulator may understand market concentration but not AI’s effects on children and teenagers. Left to themselves, institutions will see only one part of the system, while the consequences of AI will ripple across the entire system.

这些领域相互重叠，而我们现有的官僚体制并非为管理这种重叠而设计的。劳工部门可能了解劳动力受到的冲击，但不了解安全风险。商业监管机构可能了解市场集中度，但不了解人工智能对儿童和青少年的影响。如果任由它们自行其是，各个机构只会看到系统的一部分，而人工智能的后果将波及整个系统。

At the national level, countries will need bodies that can set priorities across government agencies. The goal will be to make sure that every risk is accounted for. Otherwise, an AI-enabled attack might succeed because no one thought it was their job to stop it.

在国家层面，各国需要能够跨政府机构设定优先级的机构。目标是确保每一种风险都被考虑到。否则，一次由人工智能发动的攻击可能会成功，因为没有人认为阻止它是自己的职责。

But even a country that gets its own house in order will still be exposed to risks that cross borders. This is why an international organization will need to be built in parallel.

但即使一个国家把自己的事情处理好，它仍然面临跨境风险。这就是为什么还需要同时建立一个国际组织。

It will be unlike any other institution we have ever created, though it can follow the model of some existing systems. There’s an inspections regime for nuclear weapons, regulations for international aviation, and agreements that protect the ozone layer. A new global organization for AI will need elements of all three and more.

它将不同于我们曾经创建的任何其他机构，尽管它可以借鉴一些现有系统的模式。我们有核武器检查制度、国际航空法规和保护臭氧层的协议。一个新的全球人工智能组织将需要这三者的要素，甚至更多。

It is fair to wonder whether the world’s institutions are up to the task of designing and implementing this new architecture. Government moves slowly when it moves at all, and polarization within and between countries makes it harder than ever to get things done. Some cooperation between the U.S. and China will be required.

我们有理由怀疑世界上的机构是否有能力设计和实施这种新架构。政府行动缓慢，有时甚至根本不行动，而国家内部和国家之间的两极分化使得完成任务比以往任何时候都更难。美国和中国之间需要某种程度的合作。

We do not have the luxury of moving slowly. The place to start is with a process for building the right institutions before the disruption forces governments into crisis mode. National leaders should convene economists, technologists, labor experts, business leaders, and workers themselves regularly to identify where existing institutions are failing and what new authorities may be needed. Countries will need to learn from each other.

我们没有慢慢来的奢侈。正确的起点是在混乱迫使政府进入危机模式之前，建立一个建设适当机构的流程。国家领导人应该定期召集经济学家、技术专家、劳工专家、企业领导人和工人本身，找出现有机构在哪里失效，以及可能需要哪些新的权力机构。各国需要相互学习。

And the countries that host the leading AI developers and control critical parts of the supply chain should begin meeting now to set up shared norms, before competitive pressure makes it harder for them to cooperate.

而那些拥有领先人工智能开发者并控制供应链关键环节的国家，应该现在就开会制定共同规范，以免竞争压力使它们更难合作。

Building the framework I’m talking about will take years, which is why we need to start now.

构建我所说的框架需要数年时间，这就是为什么我们现在就需要开始。

Set aside some jobs for humans.

为人类保留一些工作

My dad died of Alzheimer’s in 2020. In the later stages of his illness, he was cared for day and night by paid caregivers who understood him even when he struggled to express himself. He couldn’t always tell them when he was hungry, but they always knew.

我的父亲于2020年因阿尔茨海默病去世。在他患病后期，全天候照顾他的是有偿护工，即使在他难以表达自己时，她们也理解他。他不总能告诉她们他饿了，但她们总是知道。

My family and I will always be grateful to that amazing group of professionals. Something in the care they gave my dad was irreplaceably human. No robot could or should have done it.

我和我的家人永远感激那支了不起的专业团队。她们给予我父亲的照料中有一种不可替代的人性。没有机器人能够也不应该做这件事。

I think about that team when the question of which jobs will disappear and which will remain comes up. I believe that as AI and robots improve, we’ll set aside certain things for only people to do. I’ve started calling this domain Human Reserved, and it’s an example of the kinds of ideas we’ll need to consider.

每当讨论哪些工作会消失、哪些会保留时，我就会想起那个团队。我相信，随着人工智能和机器人的改进，我们会把某些事情留给人来做。我开始把这个领域称为”人类保留区”，这是我们需要考虑的各种想法的一个例子。

I like the phrase Human Reserved because it makes me think of nature reserves—places where we could put buildings and roads, but we choose not to because the loss would be too great.

我喜欢”人类保留区”这个说法，因为它让我想到自然保护区——那些我们可以建楼修路、但我们选择不这么做的地方，因为损失太大了。

We might set something aside as Human Reserved for economic reasons. For example, we may do it because allowing machines to take over a certain role will displace a large number of people who can’t easily change jobs. You can’t tell a 55-year-old who has worked in construction their whole career that they need to go work at an elder care facility and expect them to find it fulfilling.

我们可能出于经济原因将某件事划为人类保留区。例如，我们这样做可能是因为允许机器接管某个角色会取代大量难以转行的人。你不能对一个55岁、整个职业生涯都在建筑行业工作的人说，他们需要去养老院工作，并期望他们觉得这很有成就感。

Sometimes the decision to make something Human Reserved will be driven by other factors. In health, for example, imagine a robot giving you the awful news that you have an incurable disease. There’s no technical reason why it couldn’t. Yet it shouldn’t.

有时，将某事划为人类保留区的决定是由其他因素驱动的。例如，在医疗领域，想象一下一个机器人告诉你得了不治之症的坏消息。从技术上讲，它完全可以做到。然而，它不应该这么做。

The Human Reserved domain will evolve over time—for example, we should consider setting aside some jobs now and phasing in AI slowly over years or decades with a commitment to preserve some jobs. Some areas, like education and mental health care, will be a mix, with a human in charge who’s using the technology to extend what they can do.

人类保留区的范围会随着时间的推移而变化——例如，我们应该考虑现在保留一些工作，并在几年或几十年内逐步引入人工智能，同时承诺保留一些工作。有些领域，比如教育和心理健康护理，将是混合型的，由人类负责，利用技术来扩展他们的能力。

The lines will also vary from place to place. Some countries might insist on having humans take care of the elderly. But a country like Japan, which has a shrinking workforce and not enough young people to care for the old, may welcome a caregiving robot.

界限也会因地而异。一些国家可能坚持由人来照顾老人。但像日本这样劳动力萎缩、没有足够年轻人照顾老人的国家，可能会欢迎护理机器人。

The idea of Human Reserved raises a host of questions I don’t have answers to. Who gets to decide what we reserve for humans? What criteria should we use? How do you keep companies from cheating and using robots anyway? What happens to international trade when one country lets robots make something and another country doesn’t? These will need to be worked out in public as part of the transition plan.

人类保留区的想法引发了一系列我没有答案的问题。谁来决定我们把什么留给人类？我们应该使用什么标准？如何防止公司作弊，仍然使用机器人？当一个国家让机器人制造某种产品而另一个国家不允许时，国际贸易会发生什么？这些问题需要在公共讨论中得到解决，作为过渡计划的一部分。

Rebalance how we tax labor and capital.

重新平衡对劳动力和资本的征税

As workers are pushed into different jobs, they will need retraining and other support from the social safety net. But they will be working less, which means they will be paying less in income taxes, and government revenues will drop just when the demand for those services is greatest. The funds will have to come from somewhere at a time when budgets are stretched.

当工人被推向不同的工作岗位时，他们将需要再培训和社会安全网的其他支持。但他们工作的时间会更少，这意味着他们缴纳的所得税会更少，而恰恰在对这些服务需求最大的时候，政府收入会下降。在预算紧张的情况下，资金必须来自某个地方。

I believe we should tax AI tokens and robots. Right now, if you’re an employer and you hire someone, you pay payroll taxes on their earnings. But if you buy a robot, you can usually write it off right away as a business expense. The tax system nudges you toward replacing people with machines.

我认为我们应该对人工智能代币和机器人征税。现在，如果你是一个雇主，你雇佣一个人，你要为他们的收入缴纳工资税。但如果你买了一个机器人，你通常可以立即将其作为业务开支注销。税收制度在促使你用机器代替人。

A tax would slow the rush away from human labor a little and raise money for retraining and a stronger safety net. It would need to be targeted so it does not slow down the purely beneficial uses of AI, like making medicine and education cheaper.

征收一项税会稍微减缓人类劳动力被取代的速度，并为再培训和更强大的安全网筹集资金。它需要有针对性，以免减缓人工智能纯粹有益的用途，比如降低医药和教育成本。

Critics of this idea point out that it’s not optimally efficient in an economic sense, but they’re not considering the broader value of work for individuals and society. And with all the accelerated innovation we will have, we’ll be able to afford a little inefficiency as the price for keeping people employed.

批评这一观点的人指出，从经济学角度看，这不是最优效率，但他们没有考虑到工作对个人和社会的更广泛价值。而且，随着我们将拥有的所有加速创新，我们将能够承受一点低效率，作为让人们继续就业的代价。

I proposed a robot tax years ago and most of the reaction was that it was a strange idea. I’m still a big proponent of it. Although it is not the whole solution to the threat of AI, it is part of a wise response.

我多年前就提出了机器人税的想法，当时大多数人的反应是这是一个奇怪的想法。我仍然是它的坚定支持者。尽管它不是应对人工智能威胁的全部解决方案，但它是一个明智应对的一部分。

However we raise money for more assistance, it needs to reach the people who need it most, including workers who lose their jobs to AI and robots, people whose hours or wages decline, and communities where the losses are concentrated. We need to start doing that work now so that the systems are ready when the need becomes acute.

无论我们如何为更多援助筹集资金，它都需要到达最需要的人手中，包括因人工智能和机器人失业的工人、工时或工资减少的人，以及损失集中的社区。我们现在就需要开始这项工作，以便在需求变得迫切时系统已经准备就绪。

What I’m doing.

我正在做的事情

I will use my voice and time to get AI and equity higher on the public agenda. I will raise the issue with lawmakers every time I visit Washington, D.C., and when I meet with leaders around the world. It will be front and center in my conversations with the people who are developing AI models. I will advocate for the national and international framework I described earlier. The Gates Foundation will help drive beneficial usage, including in Africa. Breakthrough Energy, a company I founded, will use AI to help companies develop cheap clean energy and help solve the climate problem. I will also be writing about AI on a regular basis.My message to leaders is:

我将利用我的声音和时间，让人工智能与公平问题在公共议程上占据更重要的位置。每次我去华盛顿特区，以及会见世界各地的领导人时，我都会向立法者提出这个问题。在我与开发人工智能模型的人的对话中，这将是一个核心议题。我将倡导我前面描述的国家和国际框架。盖茨基金会将帮助推动有益的应用，包括在非洲。我创立的突破能源公司将利用人工智能帮助公司开发廉价的清洁能源，并帮助解决气候问题。我还将定期撰写关于人工智能的文章。我给领导人的信息是：

You have a chance to act now, before unemployment rises sharply, communities are hurting, and public trust has eroded. You can make sure that your government handles the problem holistically, rather than divvying it up into multiple bureaucratic fiefdoms. You can make sure AI benefits everyone. And you can work with other governments to meet this national and global challenge.

你们有机会现在就采取行动，在失业率急剧上升、社区遭受伤害、公众信任被侵蚀之前。你们可以确保你们的政府全面处理这个问题，而不是将其分割成多个官僚领地。你们可以确保人工智能惠及每一个人。你们还可以与其他政府合作，应对这一国家和全球挑战。

Finally, I will try to widen the circle of people shaping this debate. It should include workers, college students who are about to enter the workforce, community leaders, religious leaders and faith-based organizations, parents, educators, and others whose voices often aren’t heard but who have insight into how the transition will affect people’s lives.

最后，我将努力扩大参与这场辩论的人群。它应该包括工人、即将进入职场的大学生、社区领袖、宗教领袖和信仰组织、家长、教育工作者以及其他声音往往不被听到、但对转型将如何影响人们生活有洞察力的人。

How do we ensure that the benefits of AI reach people who do not already have wealth, influence, and access?

我们如何确保人工智能的益处惠及那些尚未拥有财富、影响力和渠道的人？

How do we strengthen the social safety net and help workers and communities thrive even when they’re displaced?

我们如何加强社会安全网，帮助工人和社区即使在失业时也能蓬勃发展？

How should public institutions adapt?

公共机构应该如何适应？

And how do we preserve our humanity through all of this?

我们又如何在这场变革中保持人性？

This unprecedented technology demands an unprecedented global response. If we get it right, the payoff for humanity will be phenomenal and the world will be a more equitable place.

这项前所未有的技术需要前所未有的全球回应。如果我们做对了，人类的回报将是巨大的，世界将变得更加公平。

I rarely stop thinking about AI—not because I have all the answers, but because the questions it raises are too consequential to leave to a small group of technologists. Leaders across academia, business, government, and civil society all have a role to play in shaping what comes next.

我几乎无时无刻不在思考人工智能——不是因为我有所有的答案，而是因为它提出的问题太重要了，不能留给一小群技术人员。学术界、商界、政府和民间社会的领导者都可以在塑造未来中发挥作用。